Freshman+Research+Paper+Guide

 research paper guide  Wilbur Cross High School

**//Table of Contents //**

 I. The Research Process: Big6  a. Step by step guide II. Plagiarism III. Location and Access of Sources <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">IV. Note Taking <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">a. How to take good notes <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">V. Using Databases & ICONN, Opposing Viewpoints <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">VI. Using the Automation System <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">VII. Finding Internet sources <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">VIII. Citing Sources <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">a. In-Text Citations <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">b. Works Cited Sample List <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">IX. Using an interactive citation maker <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">X. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 200%;">Standard Format for a Research Paper <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;">a. Formatting Requirements for Most Longer Papers

= THE Big6™ WRITING PROCESS = <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">As a New Haven Public School student, you will be asked to create a variety of writing <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;">tasks. You may be assigned to compose any (or all) of the following: persua­ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;">sive letters, research papers, essays about personal experiences, literary analy­ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">ses, etc. Though the types of writing vary and the subject matter shifts, there <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">is a standard writing process that will help guide you from the moment a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">piece is assigned to the moment it is returned to you with a grade, leaving <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">you either very relieved or wondering why you didn't put in more time.

**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Step 1: Getting Started – what IS MY TASK? WHAT is my question? **

<span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -1.3pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> //<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Determine a purpose and need for information //<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> In order for your paper to be more than a rewrite of the facts you find about your topic in print and online sources, or a summary of someone else's ideas, you need to develop an essential question for inquiry. If written correctly and thoughtfully, the essential question will ensure that you critically and creatively process the information you find. <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -1.3pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">A **topic** is a very broad subject that covers vast amounts of information. It is just about impossible to research it enough to cover all of it. And most of the work you would be doing is simply collecting facts. <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -1.45pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Essential questions **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> allow us to explore what knowledge is, how it came to be, and how it has changed through human history. It is always poised on the boundary of what is known and what is unknown; it seeks to reach beyond itself. <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -1.45pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">A **question** is something you answer after you have collected data or facts on a subject. It requires you to make a judgment based on what you have read on your topic. You develop a question within the area of your topic. You should read some articles or portions of books on your topic to come up with a good question you plan to answer from your research. <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt -1.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">At WCHS, we **research topics to answer questions**. Once you have some background information on your topic and form your question, you focus your research to find supporting details so that you can answer your question. <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -1.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Topic: **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Drug Addiction

<span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt -1.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Essential Question: **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Why does the United States Government seek to legally limit drug use rather than allow the population to make their own decisions? <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 36.05pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Question: **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Should the United States put more emphasis on treatment for drug users instead of its current focus on drugs as a criminal issue?

<span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-outline-level: 6; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;">step 2 what resources can i use? **  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Examine alternative approaches to acquiring information. List the best sources to find this information. Don't forget traditional print and human sources as appropriate. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">If using web sites, evaluate them for relevancy, accuracy, and authority before you use them. You will lose points if the sites you use for your research do not meet the criteria. <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Step 3 where can i find these resources? ** <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Locate sources and access the information within them—where will I locate these sources? <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Will I need to go to the library at school, the public library? Will I be able to access online resources? <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1.3pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Step 4 Use of Information ** <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Use a source to gain information—How will I record the information that I find? Take notes and highlight. <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1.45pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">How will I give credit to my sources? **

<span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-outline-level: 6; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Step 5 SYNTHESIS – putting it all together ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Integrate information from a variety of sources— How will I show my <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0in;"> results? How will I give credit to my sources in my final paper? <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-outline-level: 6; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Step 6 Evaluation ** <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt left 1.0in; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Before turning in my assignment, I need to check off all of these items (on the printed Organizer, which needs to be turned in with my paper): <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">My final paper is a thoughtful presentation of my essential question and represents my ideas and conclusions <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I have not represented others' ideas as my own <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Credit is given to my sources, written in <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">MLA Style <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">My work is word processed and formatted according to the Wilbur Cross High School required format <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">My work is complete and includes a title page and works cited list <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 37.3pt; text-align: left;"> · **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Would I be proud for __anyone__ to read this paper? **

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">Plagiarism ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Plagiarism is the act of using another person’s ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source. To plagiarize is to give the impression that you have written or thought of something that you have, in fact, borrowed from someone else. The Web makes it more tempting to plagiarize ideas because copying and pasting is so simple. However, the Web makes it easier for teachers to check particularly eloquent writing by doing a Google search on your writing in quotes and locating sources that clearly match your wording. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">It is illegal, unethical, and if discovered, could result in a loss of credit for the project and perhaps a failure for the course. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Plagiarism can take several forms:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What is plagiarism? **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Copying any direct quotation from your source material without providing quotation marks or crediting your source <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Paraphrasing of a borrowed idea without introducing and documenting the source of the idea <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Copying another paper, either from someone else or your own paper from a previous <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">assignment

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Acknowledging borrowed material with an introduction (“According to Smith…”) and citing the source page number at the end of the sentence (Smith 24). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Paraphrasing material by writing in your style and language and citing the source of the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">information <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">• Enclosing quotation marks around all material that is directly quoted and citing the source for the information
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">You may avoid plagiarism by: **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What is Common Knowledge? **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">You don’t have to cite everything. Facts or ideas referred to as “common knowledge” do not have to be cited. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Common knowledge includes facts that are found in many sources, facts that you assume many people know. A rule of thumb is that if you find a fact in three or more sources, it may be considered common knowledge. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">An example of common knowledge is that John Adams married Abigail Smith.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Remember, you must document little-know facts and any ideas that interpret facts, even if they are paraphrased! For instance, even if you don’t use McCullough’s words, you should absolutely document McCullough’s belief that this marriage may have been the most critical decision of Adam’s life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">[]

<span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"> <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 12pt -2.6pt; text-indent: 0in;">The huge advantage of good notes is speed. You can record your notes quicker, cover more sources and subtopics, and get more information than the person sitting there copying.
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Garamond','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">Note taking **

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: uppercase;">What is Note Taking? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Taking information from a source and making it your own.

<span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-outline-level: 6; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-align: left; text-transform: uppercase;">What makes good notes? <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.9pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• Record only important facts or keywords. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.9pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• Discard small words like //a, an//, and //the//. Use commas and dashes instead. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.9pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• No sentences! <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.9pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• Never repeat in notes what you already know. <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.55pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• Use quotation marks when copying. Give credit with source and page number if in print and date you accessed it if <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt 16.55pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">electronic <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0.5in 12pt 16.9pt; tab-stops: list 16.9pt; tabstops: list 16.9pt;">• Paraphrase and summarize. These need citations too, so record the sources as you take the notes.

<span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">USING ICONN – The Connecticut Digitial Library **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Start with ICONN for computer-based research. ICONN is a database provided by the state that has some of the best research databases that money can buy. It is accessible through the web at [|http://www.iconn.org] from school, or from home with a library card barcode number. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">This is not just for current events. ICONN contains history and science sources, literary criticism, health and wellness research, full-text Spanish language encyclopedia sources, thousands of biographies and hundreds of newspapers and journals. It even provides citation information. It is the perfect on-line source for students. In addition, ICONN offers information at elementary through post-high school reading levels. <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">WCHS has a new on-line catalogue that is accessible from school and home ([]).In addition to searching our catalogue, students can search the district as a whole, or another school separately. This way, if they don't find their book here, they can get it from another school by asking the library media specialist. Plus there is a link from our search page to the New Haven Free Public Library. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">You can access the district search page simply by typing http://library from any school computer. From home, you type http://library.new-haven.k12.ct.us.
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">USING OUR AUTOMATION SYSTEM – Finding a book on the computer **

<span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">__**<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">finding internet sources **__Ideally, students should only be performing a general web search after they have exhausted the limits of ICONN (and it runs very deep.) Should they feel they need to use a general website, they should evaluate the website for credibility. PLEASE CHECK THE VALIDITY OF THE WEBSITE ON THEIR WORKS CITED LISTS. In the past, many students have been using websites posted by other students to conduct their research. This is not acceptable on any level.


 * INFORMATION ORGANIZER **

** GUIDING QUESTION ___:__ **

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 * <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.7pt; text-transform: uppercase;">DOCUMENTING SOURCES **

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 4.3pt 0pt 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">Before writing a research paper, you will be gaining information from many <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">different resources, including books, newspaper articles, and Internet sites. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">At a minimum, you should have a book source, one or two web pages, and a database source. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The information you gather from these resources will help you learn about your subject, narrow your topic, form opinions, and gain new ideas. In writing your paper, you will build on the information you gathered dur­ ing the research process. You must cite the sources of that information. <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 4.55pt 12pt 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">There are several different formats for citing resources. Wilbur Cross High School uses the Modern Language Association (MLA) format as its standard. For more detailed information about docu­ <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">mentation, consult the //MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers// (7th <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">edition). Copies are available in the WCHS Library Media Center. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> The MLA's website is [].

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Example with author's name included in your sentence: **

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 4.55pt 12pt 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">At the conclusion of //Lord of the Flies,// William Golding writes that Ralph is <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">overcome by "...shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;">whole body" (186). [parentheses before punctuation; citation contains page # of quote]

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Example without author's name included in your sentence: **

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">At the conclusion of //Lord of the Flies,// Ralph cries uncontrollably as his <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> emotions absolutely overtake him (Golding 186). // [ // cites author's last name & page # of paraphrased material]

<span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-transform: uppercase;">PREPARING A WORKS CITED Page ** <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.7pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">The Works Cited list is an alphabetical listing of all the sources you cited <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">within your paper. Your in-text citations should correspond directly to this list. The following pages outline the format for this list and give examples <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">of the most common citations you will use at WCHS. Because of the com­ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">plexities of MLA format and style (especially when it comes to citing online <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">sources), we have made our best effort with these examples based on cur­ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">rent standards. We ask students to do the same.

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt; text-align: center;">Works Cited

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Beasley, Maurine H. "Roosevelt, Eleanor," //World BookOnline//,

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.95pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">[|http://www.worldbookonline.com], May 27, 2002.

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.95pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Drake, Benjamin. //Mass Violence in America, Life of// <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> // Tecumseh. // New York: Arno Press & <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.95pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 35.05pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The New York <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> Times, 1969.

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Plus. Online. H.W. Wilson. Available: [|http://www.iconn.org] <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"> <span style="background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">30 Aug. 2000 <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">.

<span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-align: left;">Weicker, Lowell, U.S. Senator. Interview by author. 9 Sept. 1988, Easton.

**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Students are encouraged to use online citation makers such as ** **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[] **

<span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; display: block; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 3pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: uppercase;">STANDARD FORMAT FOR A FORMAL PAPER **

<span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 3.85pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.5pt; text-align: left;">(Use for a 2+ page paper if the teacher gives no other specific instructions.)
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Times New Roman font at 12-point size
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Title page **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> with bold title at center; name, date, and class info in corner, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">following pages with last name and page number in upper right (if word processing, use a header)
 * <span style="color: black; display: block; line-height: 12pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Paragraphs indented (no extra space between); 1.5 or double spaced Works Cited/Works Consulted as final pages (see <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">previous <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;">Tecumseh: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.45pt;">An American Hero

<span style="background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">David Vendley

<span style="background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">U. S. History

<span style="background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">Mrs. Leahey

<span style="background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">May 10, 2001

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> Big6™ copyright 1990, Michael Eisenberg and Robert Berkowitz. Big6™ Assignment Organizer copyright 1999, Barbara A. Jansen.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> Thanks for Paula Daitzman, LMS, East Rock Global Magnet, and for Stephanie Shteirman, LMS, High School in the Community in the production <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> of this research guide.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 12pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">& <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 8.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Soraya Potter and Sharman Tait, LMS’ ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 8.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Wilbur Cross High School ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 8.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">181 Mitchell Drive ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 8.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">New Haven, CT 06511 **